Samuel Bagenstos, Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School, specializes in constitutional and civil rights litigation. From 2009-2011, he was a political appointee in the U.S. Department of Justice, where he served as the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, the number-two official in the Civil Rights Division. He has published two books, as well as articles in many leading law reviews. Bagenstos has also litigated cases at all levels of the federal court system and testified before Congress on numerous occasions. A graduate of the University of North Carolina and the Harvard Law School, he clerked for Judge Stephen Reinhardt of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit as well as for Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg of the U.S. Supreme Court.